Course Contents

Module 1: Course Outcomes

• In this course we will understand the definitions and categories of economic and social infrastructure
• Economic infrastructure
• Social infrastructure
• We will understand the main principles of organising and managing infrastructure sectors
• We will consider the relationships between:
  • infrastructure and economic development
  • infrastructure and social development
• We will learn about the constraints in the development of infrastructure
• In earlier decades, most large infrastructure projects in many countries were undertaken by the public sector
• A main challenge now for undertaking large infrastructure projects is affordability
• We will discuss the need to restructure infrastructure projects from the old-fashioned public sector procurement and management model
• The standard procurement method involved
• Infrastructure projects are now largely based on merging public and private sector resources, methods and funding
• This creates a need to improve standards to the level of international best practice
• Best practice must be adopted in
  • project management
  • finance management
  • contract management
  • stakeholder management
• Infrastructure development in all sectors is evolving rapidly. As a result, innovation is important in every sector
• We will discuss Public Private Partnerships as a means to
  • make infrastructure projects more efficient and cost-effective
  • create new funding and financing models
  • modernise every infrastructure sector
• In this course we will consider examples of infrastructure sectors
• This course and further courses in infrastructure will help guide participants in intelligent career choice and in the development of their careers as professionals

Module 2: Project management

• In this session we will consider the main principles and practices of project management, and how they apply in the development of infrastructure projects
• The definition of a project.
• Project stages
• The triangle of constraints. In every project, there is a triangle of constraints
• Only two can be optimised, the third will be a result of the choice of the other two
  • If cost and time are optimised, quality can be compromised
  • If cost and quality are optimised, a project may take longer (more time)
  • If time and quality are optimised, the project may cost more
• Differences and parallels with operations management
• Project management systems and subsystems. Every well-planned and well-executed project will have defined systems and subsystems
• Tools that are commonly used in project management
• Gantt Charts were developed by Henry Gantt.
• Project Management Office. The concept of a Project Management Office is now used as a powerful tool in making project management efficient and cost-effective.

Module 3: Innovation

• Innovation depends on creativity
• Innovation is now a management discipline
• The Innovator makes use of and predicts trends
• Prominent examples of ground-breaking innovation
• Value innovation and blue ocean strategy. Blue ocean innovation strategies identify new market opportunities and sectors. This is value innovation
• Value innovation makes the competition irrelevant
• Disruptive innovation
  • Changes the structure of a market sector
  • E.g. the car manufacturing industry
  • E.g. the computer industry
• The boss of Intel learned lessons from Prof Christensen, the Harvard Professor who developed the concept and theory of disruptive innovation. This led to the creation of the Celeron chip
• Disruptive innovation leads to modularisation and standardisation, which gives opportunities for new players
• Disruptive innovation
  • Creates new opportunities in the lower end of a market
  • Opens up new markets
• Innovation is important in established industries, otherwise a company may lose competitive advantage or go out of business
• Innovation is important for both entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship (entrepreneurship within established companies)

Module 4: Public Private Partnerships

• In this session we will consider Public Private Partnerships (PPP)
• A PPP project is one where a government-led infrastructure project is accomplished through a partnership with one or more private sector partners.
• Why are PPP projects important for India’s economy and infrastructure development? PPP projects are vital for a number of reasons, including
• PPP projects can be used for:
  • Economic infrastructure
  • Social infrastructure
• PPP models
• The elements of PPP projects
• Why have PPP projects been introduced? A principal reason is that Government budgets are insufficient in many countries to carry out the necessary infrastructure development projects. A well-conceived and designed PPP project can help solve this problem
• What can PPP projects achieve? When PPP projects are well-designed and executed, they can contribute in the different ways
• Potential benefits of PPP projects
• Potential risks and disadvantages
• Principles of good PPP practice
• Implementation capability gap
• Spectrum of PPP projects
• Roads
• Urban water
• Hospitals

Module 5: Power and renewable energy

• The power sector is undergoing dramatic transformations globally
• There is a growing emphasis on renewable energy
• The Sustainable Development Goals, agreed by most nations, include targets for reducing and eliminating the dependence on conventional thermal power and replacing conventional power generation with renewable energy
• This creates substantial challenges, but also opportunities
• The balance of renewable energy sources will vary from country to country
• For example, India has set itself the challenge of creating 100GW of solar energy by 2022
• Challenges
• Renewable energy power plants must be given whole lifecycle project support
• Project support
  • Project specific
  • Technology specific
  • Country specific
  • Deal with the entire lifecycle of the project
• Transition period towards a renewable energy environment
• Modernising the power sector
• Economic development and industrialisation
• Making the power sector future proof
• Requirements in the development of solar technology
• International standard implementation capability
• International collaboration is vital for the development of the power sector to international modern standards
• Project finance- the use of PPP projects
• Developing international best practice through an integrated combination
• The importance of smart innovations
• The capacity building triangle – integrating management and technical skills
• Management techniques
• Planning policy

Module 6: Roads & Bridges

• The development of a comprehensive network of highways is vital for
• Traditional government-implemented road building programmes were often short-term in their planning and lacked integration with national requirements
• Contemporary national road-building programmes must adopt
• Mega projects
• National highway projects are ambitious programmes
• Integrated transport system across all transport modalities
• High professional standards are required in all aspects of planning, operations, management, maintenance and renewal
• Integrated project support
• Training programmes in consultation with senior management
• Interdisciplinary expertise
• Management

Module 7: Ports & Inland Waterways

• The ports sector is one domain where international standards and best practice are vital in all areas of operation
• International best practice
• Challenges to optimise ports and the use of inland waterways
• Project finance
• Combined consultancy and capacity building
• Areas of expertise